Biogas
Anaerobic digestion is defined as biological process in which microorganisms break down biodegradable materials under anaerobic condition and convert those materials into the useful energy in form of biogas which primarily consists of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and traces of other contaminant gases.
Anaerobic digestion process comprises of 4 main steps as follows:
HYDROLYSIS
Hydrolysis is theoretically the initial stage of AD process in which proteins, carbohydrates and fats are broken down into small organic compounds like amino acids, sugars and fatty acids.
ACIDOGENESIS
Acetate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide will be utilized by methanogens during methanogenesis stage whereas the intermediate compounds are further converted into the final products for methane formation.
METHANOGENESIS
Final stage, methanogens convert those products to methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases.
Input materials
- Sources of input materials are:
- Industrial, domestic organic waste
- Agricultural waste and energy crops
- Organic waste from landfill sites
- Municipal wastewater
Composition of the produced biogas
- 50 – 75% Methane (CH4)
- 25 – 50% Carbon dioxide (CO2)
- 2 – 7% small amount of water
- Traces gases such as hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and ammonia
Other essential products generated by AD process
Solid bio-fertilizer
Stabilized sludge is rich in nutrients which can be utilized as bio-fertilizer to substitute chemical fertilizer.
Liquid fertilizer
The effluent is considered as liquid fertilizer as it contains nutrients
Biogas utilization
Biogas can contribute to replace non-renewable energy sources like petroleum, coal and natural gas. The most common method for utilization of biogas are;
- As a source of heat for stream boiler and industrial food dehydration
- To generate electricity
- Co-generation which generate electricity and heat
Save resources
Besides generated biogas, anaerobic digestion process produces bio-fertilizer and liquid fertilizer as byproducts which are currently needed. Promoting bio-fertilizer use for farmer can decrease the investment cost while contributing to develop the local economy and lower the risk of raw materials shortage. This is the efficient use of resources, reduced water and waste minimizing.
Energy security
Biogas technology can serve as a mean to overcome the energy crisis in the future due to the depletion of fossil fuel. The growing uncertainty in oil and energy prices shows a major challenge to price forecast. Therefore, self-produced energy like biogas would enhance energy security compared to reliance on fossil fuel.
Rare energy and high energy price
The majority of energy we use is generated from non-renewable energy sources such as oil, coal and natural gas. Non-renewable energy sources are running out while the world’s demand for energy rises, resulting in higher energy prices.
Reducing greenhouse gases emission
Global climate change is the biggest issues facing the world today, caused by the emission of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide). Carbon dioxide is created by burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, diesel and natural gas while methane gas occurs in open ponds on industrial site. As methane is more powerful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, biogas systems have the potential for capturing methane while greatly reducing the dependence on fossil fuel.
Turning waste into income
Biogas application to manage agro-industrial waste and wastewater not only improve water quality and remove odour but capturing methane could be used to generate electricity or utilize in plant’s boiler to produce stream. Such a project can earn saleable certified reduction (CER) credits through Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
Anaerobic digestion is defined as biological process in which microorganisms break down biodegradable materials under anaerobic condition and convert those materials into the useful energy in form of biogas which primarily consists of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and traces of other contaminant gases.
Anaerobic digestion process comprises of 4 main steps as follows:
HYDROLYSIS
Hydrolysis is theoretically the initial stage of AD process in which proteins, carbohydrates and fats are broken down into small organic compounds like amino acids, sugars and fatty acids.
ACIDOGENESIS
Acetate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide will be utilized by methanogens during methanogenesis stage whereas the intermediate compounds are further converted into the final products for methane formation.
METHANOGENESIS
Final stage, methanogens convert those products to methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases.
Anaerobic digestion is defined as biological process in which microorganisms break down biodegradable materials under anaerobic condition and convert those materials into the useful energy in form of biogas which primarily consists of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and traces of other contaminant gases.
Anaerobic digestion process comprises of 4 main steps as follows:
HYDROLYSIS
Hydrolysis is theoretically the initial stage of AD process in which proteins, carbohydrates and fats are broken down into small organic compounds like amino acids, sugars and fatty acids.
ACIDOGENESIS
Acetate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide will be utilized by methanogens during methanogenesis stage whereas the intermediate compounds are further converted into the final products for methane formation.
METHANOGENESIS
Final stage, methanogens convert those products to methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases.
Input materials
- Sources of input materials are:
- Industrial, domestic organic waste
- Agricultural waste and energy crops
- Organic waste from landfill sites
- Municipal wastewater
Composition of the produced biogas
- 50 – 75% Methane (CH4)
- 25 – 50% Carbon dioxide (CO2)
- 2 – 7% small amount of water
- Traces gases such as hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and ammonia
Other essential products generated by AD process
Solid bio-fertilizer
Stabilized sludge is rich in nutrients which can be utilized as bio-fertilizer to substitute chemical fertilizer.Liquid fertilizer
The effluent is considered as liquid fertilizer as it contains nutrientsBiogas utilization
Biogas can contribute to replace non-renewable energy sources like petroleum, coal and natural gas. The most common method for utilization of biogas are;- As a source of heat for stream boiler and industrial food dehydration
- To generate electricity
- Co-generation which generate electricity and heat
Input materials
- Sources of input materials are:
- Industrial, domestic organic waste
- Agricultural waste and energy crops
- Organic waste from landfill sites
- Municipal wastewater
Composition of the produced biogas
- 50 – 75% Methane (CH4)
- 25 – 50% Carbon dioxide (CO2)
- 2 – 7% small amount of water
- Traces gases such as hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and ammonia
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Other essential products generated by AD process
Solid bio-fertilizer
Stabilized sludge is rich in nutrients which can be utilized as bio-fertilizer to substitute chemical fertilizer.
Liquid fertilizer
The effluent is considered as liquid fertilizer as it contains nutrients
Biogas utilization
Biogas can contribute to replace non-renewable energy sources like petroleum, coal and natural gas. The most common method for utilization of biogas are;
- As a source of heat for stream boiler and industrial food dehydration
- To generate electricity
- Co-generation which generate electricity and heat
Save resources
Besides generated biogas, anaerobic digestion process produces bio-fertilizer and liquid fertilizer as byproducts which are currently needed. Promoting bio-fertilizer use for farmer can decrease the investment cost while contributing to develop the local economy and lower the risk of raw materials shortage. This is the efficient use of resources, reduced water and waste minimizing.
Energy security
Biogas technology can serve as a mean to overcome the energy crisis in the future due to the depletion of fossil fuel. The growing uncertainty in oil and energy prices shows a major challenge to price forecast. Therefore, self-produced energy like biogas would enhance energy security compared to reliance on fossil fuel.
Rare energy and high energy price
The majority of energy we use is generated from non-renewable energy sources such as oil, coal and natural gas. Non-renewable energy sources are running out while the world’s demand for energy rises, resulting in higher energy prices.
Reducing greenhouse gases emission
Global climate change is the biggest issues facing the world today, caused by the emission of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide). Carbon dioxide is created by burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, diesel and natural gas while methane gas occurs in open ponds on industrial site. As methane is more powerful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, biogas systems have the potential for capturing methane while greatly reducing the dependence on fossil fuel.
Turning waste into income
Biogas application to manage agro-industrial waste and wastewater not only improve water quality and remove odour but capturing methane could be used to generate electricity or utilize in plant’s boiler to produce stream. Such a project can earn saleable certified reduction (CER) credits through Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
Save resources
Besides generated biogas, anaerobic digestion process produces bio-fertilizer and liquid fertilizer as byproducts which are currently needed. Promoting bio-fertilizer use for farmer can decrease the investment cost while contributing to develop the local economy and lower the risk of raw materials shortage. This is the efficient use of resources, reduced water and waste minimizing.
Energy security
Biogas technology can serve as a mean to overcome the energy crisis in the future due to the depletion of fossil fuel. The growing uncertainty in oil and energy prices shows a major challenge to price forecast. Therefore, self-produced energy like biogas would enhance energy security compared to reliance on fossil fuel.
Rare energy and high energy price
The majority of energy we use is generated from non-renewable energy sources such as oil, coal and natural gas. Non-renewable energy sources are running out while the world’s demand for energy rises, resulting in higher energy prices.
Reducing greenhouse gases emission
Global climate change is the biggest issues facing the world today, caused by the emission of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide). Carbon dioxide is created by burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, diesel and natural gas while methane gas occurs in open ponds on industrial site. As methane is more powerful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, biogas systems have the potential for capturing methane while greatly reducing the dependence on fossil fuel.
Turning waste into income
Biogas application to manage agro-industrial waste and wastewater not only improve water quality and remove odour but capturing methane could be used to generate electricity or utilize in plant’s boiler to produce stream. Such a project can earn saleable certified reduction (CER) credits through Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).